Cheat-list Linux / Win

Чит-лист шпаргалка Линукс & Винда & Mac

Linux (Debian / Ubuntu / Kali-Linux)

Bash Commands

• Download new stable Debian-Linux Live-Distribution or Ubuntu, Kali-linux, etc…
• USB Boot-Disk

  lsblk
  lsblk -d
  #or diskutil
  sudo diskutil list
  #diskno. = <?>
  sudo diskutil eraseDisk FAT32 USB /dev/disk<?>`
  sudo diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk<?>
  cd Downloads`
  ls -l`
  sudo dd if=./debian-12...iso of=/dev/disk<?> bs=2048 status=progress`
  #CD, DVD `bs=2048` or 5M
  

• Live-CD: user: user passwd: live sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
• Source list Debian sudo apt update
• Show system and kernel uname -a
• Show distribution
  • cat /etc/debian_version
  • lsb_release -a
  • lsb_release -d
• Show your username whoami
• add username to sudo su - root usermod -aG sudo username reboot
• login username su - username

Directory Operations

• Show all incl. hidden ls -a
• Show all as a list ls -lh
• Recover and split the copy of a big data (~ 4G) to a fat32 Disk (max. 4G file) split -b 4000M /source-dest/big_file_name ~/archive/big-file-name-split_
• Merge a splitted files named like split_aa, split_ab, …, split_az cat ~/archive/big-file-name-split_* > ~/target-dest/big-file-name

Create a tar archive and split into blocks 4000M (~ 4G)

  tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /home/disk
  # or
  tar -zcvf - file_large.zip | split -b 4000M - files.tar.gz
  # then
  cat files.tar.gz* | tar -zxv
  # to extract use terminal or mc (midnight commander)
  tar -xvf files.tar.gz 
  unzip files.zip

Users / groups

• Show all users / groups cat /etc/passwd

Clean a linux distr.

• sudo apt autoremove
• sudo apt autoclean
• Check with Ncdu
  • Install Ncdu sudo apt install ncdu
  • and start ncdu /
  • Clean dir with d (to delete). Be careful!
  • /var/log/journal/
  • /var/tmp/
  • /var/spool/
  • /tmp/

PDF

• PDF convert gs

  sudo apt-get install ghostscript libtiff-tools
  ghostscript -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf
  #print (300 dpi)
  #ebook (150 dpi)
  #screen (75 dpi)
  gs -o out.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sPageList=1,5,7,12 -f input.pdf output.pdf`
  

• PDF convert pdftk

  sudo apt install pdftk
  pdftk A=input.pdf cat A1-2 A5 A7-8 A11-12 output output.pdf
  #A1-2 A5 pages no.
  

• PDF merge pdftk

  pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output mergedfile.pdf
  

• convert tiff to pdf

  tiff2pdf -o output.pdf input.tif
  

LaTex / TeX / TeXstudio

• Install TeXLive

  sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
  sudo apt install texlive
  #339 M
  sudo apt install texlive-latex-extra -y
  #60+ M
  latex --version
  sudo apt install texlive-lang-cyrillic
  sudo apt install texlive-lang-german
  

• Install TeXstudio

  sudo apt install texstudio
  

• Start TeXstudio
• TeXstudio -> Optionen -> TeXstudio konfigurieren -> / Erzeugen -> Standardcompiler: PdfLaTeX or XeLaTeX / Editor -> Zeilennummern anzeigen: Alle Zeilennummern
• Write .tex and compile: F5

.iso boot disk

  lsblk
  lsblk -d
  #diskno. = <?>
  sudo umount /dev/sd<?>
  sudo dd bs=4M if=path/to/input.iso of=/dev/sd<?> conv=fdatasync status=progress

grub-pc / refind

• grub

  apt install grub-pc
  grub-install /dev/sd<?>
  #diskno. = <?>
  update-grub
  #Repair
  sudo update-grub
  sudo nano /etc/default/grub
  # comment #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=“quiet radeon.cik_support=0 
  sudo apt install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64
  sudo apt --fix-broken install
  # Start in console mode (text)
  sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
  # Start in graphical mode (Kde etc.)
  sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
  

• boot efi

  root@dlinux:/boot/efi/EFI/Debian# cat /boot/efi/EFI/Debian/grub.cfg
  search.fs_uuid disk-0000-111c-b222-9a...b root hd0,msdos4
  set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub
  configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
  

• refind

  apt search refind` or download
  bash /home/../../refind-bin-0.14.0.2/refind-install`
  

• refind / MacBook <-> Windows <-> Linux

  # download from https://www.rodsbooks.com/refind
  # Run from the terminal to find the EFI partition:
  diskutil list
  # copy unziped refind-bin-0.14.2 to (exFAT) usb-stick refind-bin-0.14.2
  # reboot MacBook and hold Cmd+R
  # when the OS has booted, selected Utilities -> Terminal
  cd /Volumes/Your-usb-stick/refind-bin-0.14.2
  # Run the rEFInd install script:
  ./refind-install
  ... Installation has completed successfully. 
  reboot
  # To Fix rEFInd by problems
  # https://gist.github.com/rowanphipps/e4c0e6037b71e9ea96dd8fe403461ee3
  # Whenever you install a new OS or somtimes when you install updates, one of the operating systems may decide that you EFI boot selection is all broken and that it needs to be fixed. When this happens then when you reboot it will boot straight into that OS and skip rEFInd. Instructions for how to fix this are below and there is a script in the attached file.
  # Restart and hold down the option key or Cmd+R
  # This tells the hardware to skip straight to the mac bootloader, allowing you to bypass your broken EFI settings.
  # Select your macOS partition to boot from.
  # Open terminal
  # Mount the ESP volume:
  mkdir /Volumes/ESP
  mount -t msdos /dev/disk0s1 /Volumes/ESP
  #Bless the reFind program
  bless --mount /Volumes/ESP --setBoot --file /Volumes/ESP/EFI/REFIND/refind_x64.efi --shortform
  

Macbook <-> Linux

• Show Mac modell

  sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name
  

• WiFi / Broadcom Corporation BCM4360 802.11ac …

  lspci -nn | grep Network
  # Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller
  # for Mac 5.1 / Mac Air 2017 : b44 b43 b43legacy works ...
  sudo apt install wireless-tools
  sudo apt install wpasupplicant
  sudo apt install linux-image-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') linux-headers-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') broadcom-sta-dkms
  sudo modprobe -r b44 b43 b43legacy ssb brcmsmac bcma
  sudo apt install network-manager-vpnc vpnc
  #if not working, try this to fix:
  sudo apt install network-manager plasma-nm
  sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
  sudo systemctl status NetworkManager
  sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
  sudo reboot
  

• Bluetooth

  dmesg | grep -i bluetooth
  lsusb | grep Bluetooth
  blueman
  modprobe btusb
  sudo systemctl status bluetooth
  sudo systemctl enable bluetooth
  sudo systemctl start bluetooth
  

• Facetimehd
• Driver support.apple

  lspci -v
  #Broadcom Inc. 720p FaceTime HD Camera
  #steps to install Facetimehd:
  #https://github.com/patjak/facetimehd/wiki/Installation
  sudo apt install linux-headers-generic git kmod libssl-dev checkinstall
  git clone https://github.com/patjak/facetimehd.git
  cd facetimehd/
  make
  sudo checkinstall
  or try $sudo make install
  sudo depmod
  sudo modprobe facetimehd
  sudo apt install mplayer
  mplayer tv://
  #it works...
  #if not working, try this to fix:
  sudo apt --fix-broken install
  sudo apt install intel-microcode
  #remove and reinstall facetime
  sudo dpkg -r facetimehd
  sudo apt autoremove
  sudo rm -r facetimehd
  sudo apt install git cpio curl xz-utils
  sudo su - && cd /usr/local/src
  git clone https://github.com/patjak/facetimehd-firmware.git && cd facetimehd-firmware
  make && make install
  exit
  #then, install the driver and color profiles:
  unzip facetimehd-dkms_0.1_all-20221111.zip -d facetimehd && cd facetimehd
  sudo dpkg -i facetimehd-dkms_0.1_all-20221111.deb
  sudo cp Color\ Profiles/*.dat /usr/lib/firmware/facetimehd
  

• Apple Keyboard

  sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
  #this will change the config file /etc/default/keyboard into something like this:
  XKBMODEL="apple_laptop"
  XKBLAYOUT="us"
  XKBVARIANT="mac"
  XKBOPTIONS="terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
  #or:
  XKBMODEL="pc105"
  XKBLAYOUT="fr"
  XKBVARIANT="mac"
  XKBOPTIONS="lv3:rwin_switch"
  # Default behaviour
  'fn'+'Enter' -> Insert
  'fn'+'Backspace' -> Delete
  'fn'+'Up' -> PageUp
  'fn'+'Down' -> PageDown
  'fn'+'Left' -> Home
  'fn'+'Right' -> End
  'Clear' -> NumLock
  

Graphics

• Nvidia in Linux +older gr.cards

  # (!) Be careful!
  # add to source.list ... main contrib non-free non-free-firmware ...
  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  # then save, close and update:
  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential dkms
  sudo apt install nvidia-detect
  nvidia-detect
  # new cards:
  sudo apt install nvidia-driver nvidia-settings
  sudo apt-cache policy nvidia-driver
  # (!) for older cards nvidia-detect shows: Your card is only supported by the 390 legacy drivers series, which is only available up to bullseye.
  # need to install nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver nvidia-settings-legacy-390xx
  # ---
  # try to install the bash file from: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/drivers/
  # sudo apt install gcc make
  # sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
  # sudo reboot
  # cd Downloads
  # sudo bash NVIDIA-Linux-...run
  # sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
  # sudo systemctl reboot
  # lspci -k | grep -EA2 "VGA|3D|Display"
  # ---
  # or add to source.list non-stable sid source for NVIDIA legacy-390xx old gr.cards (it works with Debian trixie)
  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  #(https://www.linux.org.ru/forum/general/18281241)
  deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
  deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
  #then save, close and update:
  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver nvidia-settings-legacy-390xx -y
  # then I commented out for the future the sid source in source.list like:
  # deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
  # deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
  # then save, close and reboot your PC:
  sudo reboot
  # it works, if you get a real gr. card data like:  NVIDIA-SMI 390... Driver Version: 390... / OpenGL renderer string: Quadro ... by typing in terminal:
  nvidia-smi
  nvidia-settings
  glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer"
  lsmod | grep nvidia
  # it works with X11.
  # echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE -> wayland: See other instructions... like in [unishell.ru]
  # ---
  # Remove NVIDIA driver and roll back to Nouveau:
  dpkg -l | grep nvidia
  sudo apt purge nvidia-driver nvidia-settings nvidia-kernel-* nvidia-legacy-*
  sudo dpkg -P $(dpkg -l | grep nvidia-driver | awk '{print $2}')
  # sudo bash NVIDIA-Linux-...run --uninstall
  sudo apt autoremove
  sudo apt purge cuda-keyring
  sudo apt update
  sudo rm -f /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf
  sudo update-initramfs -u
  sudo reboot
  

• If something goes wrong (black screen):

  # Change to console mode (Ctrl + Alt + F3..F4...)
  sudo apt --fix-broken install
  # Start in console mode (text)
  sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
  # Start in graphical mode (Kde etc.)
  sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
  startx
  # show: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/drivers/details/242273/
  sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
  sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf
  # ..
  # Downgrade from SID (non-stable) to Stable
  sudo nano /etc/apt/preferences.d/downgrade
  # Add to downgrade file without #:
  #Package: *
  #Pin: release a=stable
  #Pin-Priority: 1001
  sudo apt update
  sudo apt dist-upgrade
  sudo apt autoremove
  sudo apt autoclean
  sudo apt install -f
  cd /etc/apt/preferences.d/
  # rename downgrade to .bak (inactive)
  sudo mv downgrade downgrade.bak
  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install kde-plasma-desktop
  sudo tasksel
  # Choose Kde or others ...
  sudo systemctl status sddm
  sudo dpkg-reconfigure sddm
  sudo reboot
  # .. Cash-clean
  rm -rf ~/.cache/plasmashell*
  rm -rf ~/.cache/plasma*
  # SDDM restart:
  sudo systemctl restart sddm
  

  Thank’s unishell.ru losst.pro

• ATI Radeon HD 5770 in Linux (Mac)

  # https://www.amd.com/en/support/download/drivers.html
  # Download driver for Linux and install ... .zip or .deb
  # https://drivers.amd.com/relnotes/amd-catalyst-graphics-driver-installer-notes-for-linux-operating-systems.pdf
  # sudo dpkg -l amdgpu-pro
  sudo apt install firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree libdrm-amdgpu1 xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu
  ...
  

  Thank’s linuxconfig.org losst.pro

Network

• Tools

  su -s
  ip addr
  ip a
  ping ip-address
  netstat -tl (прослушать TCP-порты)
  dig geekbrains.ru (службы DNS)
  nmap geekbrains.ru
  nmcli c show
  more /etc/network/interfaces
  # Ctrl + c
  

• if not exist, then:

  cat /etc/network/interfaces
  apt install ifupdown
  nano /etc/network/interfaces
  service networking restart
  ip addr
  cat /etc/resolv.conf
  

• Ручная настройка сети:

  ip link set enp0s3 up
  ip addr add 192.IP.../255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.IP... dev enp0s3
  ip route add default via 192.IP...
  ip a s
  

• Ручная настройка DNS:

  dig geekbrains.ru
  ping -c 4 geekbrains.ru
  nano /etc/resolv.conf
  

• DHCP, проверить получение адреса

  cat /etc/network/interfaces
  auto enp0s3 … dhcp
  service networking restart
  dig geekbrains.ru
  ping -c 4 geekbrains.ru
  

• Изменить адрес DNS

  nano /etc/resolv.conf
  nano /etc/network/interfaces
  service networking restart
  dig geekbrains.ru
  ping -c 4 geekbrains.ru
  

Server Apache2 Mysql Phpmyadmin Ufw Security

• Apache2 Serv sudo apt install apache2
• Apache2 Serv Security
• Apache HTTP Server vulnerabilities

  $nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf (Debian/Ubuntu)
  ServerSignature Off
  ServerTokens Prod
  $service apache2 restart (Debian/Ubuntu)
  #Indexes off - apache2.conf
  <Directory /var/www/html>
  Options -Indexes
  </Directory>
  $httpd -v
  #update
  apt-get install apache2
  #Deactivate with comments # :  mod_imap, mod_include, mod_info, mod_userdir, mod_autoindex,...
  #grep LoadModule /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  #have to place corresponding 'LoadModule' lines at this location so the
  #LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
  LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so...
  #separate group / user for Apache2
  #/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
  #groupadd http_web
  #useradd -d /var/www/ -g http-web -s /bin/nologin http_web
  User http_web
  Group http_web
  #httpd.conf.
  <Directory />
  Options None
  Order deny,allow
  Deny from all
  </Directory>
  $sudo apt-get install libapache2-modsecurity
  $sudo a2enmod mod-security
  $sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
  #Deactivate links .htaccess
  Options -FollowSymLinks
  #Enable symbolic links
  Options +FollowSymLinks
  #mod_include
  Options -Includes
  Options -ExecCGI
  /var/www/html/web».
  <Directory "/var/www/html/web">
  Options -Includes -ExecCGI
  </Directory>
  #LimitRequestBody 0 (unlimited) / 500К / 2G
  <Directory "/var/www/myweb/user_uploads">
  LimitRequestBody 512000
  </Directory>
  #DDOS
  TimeOut
  MaxClients
  KeepAliveTimeout
  LimitRequestFields 100 (10 ?)
  LimitRequestFieldSize
  #log mod_log_config
  <VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com/
  ServerName www.example.com
  DirectoryIndex index.htm index.html index.php
  ServerAlias example.com
  ErrorDocument 404 /story.php
  ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example.com_error_log
  CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example.com_access_log combined
  </VirtualHost>
  #SSL mod_ssl
  #openssl genrsa -des3 -out example.com.key 1024
  #openssl req -new -key example.com.key -out exmaple.csr
  #openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in example.com.com.csr -signkey example.com.com.key -out example.com.com.crt
  #add cert to conf Appache
  <VirtualHost 172.16.25.125:443>
  SSLEngine on
  SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt
  SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.key
  SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/sf_bundle.crt
  ServerAdmin ravi.saive@example.com
  ServerName example.com
  DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example/
  ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example.com-error_log
  CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example.com-access_log common
  </VirtualHost>
  

• Server as a router

  sudo apt install iptables
  modprobe iptable_nat
  echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
  iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o enp3s0 -j MASQUERADE
  iptables -A FORWARD -i enp1s0 -j ACCEPT
  nano /etc/modules
  iptable_nat
  nano /etc/sysctl.conf
  net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
  apt install iptables-persistent
  iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4
  ping 8.8.8.8
  ping 1.1.1.1
  iptables -t nat -L
  

• Security scan

  sudo apt install nmap
  nmap -O ip-address/homepage
  nmap -sV ip-address/homepage
  nmap -A -T4 ip-address/homepage
  dpkg -l
  cd ~
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name ".*"
  sudo netstat -tulpn   # open ports
  

• Firewall ufw:

  sudo apt install ufw
  sudo ufw enable
  sudo ufw status
  sudo ufw app list
  sudo ufw default deny incoming   # sudo ufw default allow incoming
  sudo ufw default allow outgoing
  sudo ufw status verbose 
  sudo ufw disable   #disable Firewall
  sudo ufw status numbered
  sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
  sudo ufw reset   # reset Firewall
  

• Linux DrWeb Antivir Download DrWeb

  wget -O - http://repo.drweb.com/drweb/drweb.key | apt-key add -
  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  

  Add to source list

  deb https://repo.drweb.com/drweb/debian 11.1 non-free
  

  Istall demo per. 30 d

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install drweb-workstations
  

• MySQL install

  sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common php7.0-mysql
  mysql_secure_installation
  mysql -u root -p
  1234
  

• Установить php7.4 or higher и phpmyadmin

  sudo apt-get -y install php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-json
  sudo apt install phpmyadmin -y
  

Usefull

• Test internet: https://yandex.ru/internet

  apt install firmware-linux
  apt install gparted
  apt install openssh-server
  apt install mc
  apt install putty
  apt install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev python3 pandas
  pip install pandas
  sudo apt install sane-utils
  sudo apt install alien
  sudo dpkg -i PACKAGE.deb
  gunzip GZTARFILE.tar.gz
  tar -xvjf TARFILE.tar.gz
  sudo ./install.sh
  

• list

  dpkg -l | grep ProgName
  

• remove

  sudo dpkg -P ProgName1
  

• dpkg Package if failure / errors

  sudo dpkg -i --force-all PACKAGE.deb
  sudo dpkg --configure -a
  sudo apt-get install -f
  sudo autoremove PACKAGE
  sudo purge PACKAGE
  

• Reconfig. Desktop / Server / GUI

  sudo tasksel
  set data & time automatically
  systemd --version
  # systemd 252
  cat /etc/timezone
  cat /etc/localtime
  sudo apt-get autoremove ntp chrony openntpd
  sudo apt-get install systemd-timesyncd
  systemctl status systemd-timesyncd.service
  # ● systemd-timesyncd.service - Network Time Synchronization
  timedatectl status
  sudo apt install lsof
  sudo lsof -i
  ntp service - not in the list (OK)
  

• locales UTF-8 … de_DE ru_RU en_EN

  sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
  sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
  sudo service keyboard-setup restart
  sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard
  sudo setxkbmap de
  sudo setxkbmap ru
  

• sources.list

  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  sudo apt update
  

• history bash show / copy / delete

  history 1000
  cat ~/.bash_history
  clear
  history -c
  cp ~/.bash_history ~/bash_history-bak_2025-4
  cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history
  

• samba / NAS

  sudo apt install samba cifs-utils
  

VirtualBox

• VB Linux

  sudo apt install virtualbox
  sudo apt install virtualbox-ext-pack
  #https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
  #Resize the VDI image to MB-SIZE
  cd /home/.../VirtualBox/Your_disk.vdi
  VBoxManage modifyhd Your_disk.vdi –resize size_in_Mb
  #Clone the VMDK image to VDI format
  VBoxManage clonehd source.vmdk cloned.vdi --format vdi
  #Clone back to VMDK format
  VBoxManage clonehd cloned.vdi resized.vmdk --format vmdk
  #Virtualbox Linux
  vboxmanage list -l hdds
  GParted
  resize
  

• VB Windows

  cd C:\Program files\Oracle\VirtualBox
  VBoxManage modifyhd «C:\Users\NameUser\VirtualBox VMs\Staffcop\Staffcop.vdi» --resize X
  #Virtualbox Win:
  #Win+R + diskmgmt.msc
  #Расширить том
  

Format W95 FAT32 (LBA)

  lsblk   #list disks /sdX
  sudo apt install dosfstools
  sudo umount /dev/sdX1  #my sd-card on disk /dev/sdX
  sudo fdisk /dev/sdX
  # o (Enter) - d (delete partition & Enter) - n (Enter) - p (Enter) - ...
  ... - t (Enter) - c (W95 FAT32 (LBA) & Enter) - w (write & Enter)
  # -c set to W95 FAT32 (LBA)
  sudo umount /dev/sdX1
  sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 -s 2 -S 4096 -v /dev/sdX1   # Format to fat32 with a logical sector size is 4096  # -n nameSD
  sudo fdisk -l #W95 FAT32 (LBA)

Windows 10 MRB repair / BCD

/media/USER/DISK/Windows/System32/config/

• BCD-Template [1] WS\System32\config\BCD-Template
• Если BCD шаблоны в этой папке повреждены или удалены, попробуйте проверить целостность системных файлов в офлайн режиме с помощью утилиты sfc (понадобится установочный диск с Windows – диск D:): sfc /scanow /OFFBOOTDIR=C:\ /OFFWINDIR=D:\WINDOWS
  • BFSVC Error: Error copying boot files Last Error = 0x570 – попробуйте выполнить проверку диска с помощью команды CHKDSK M: /F
  • BFSVC Error: Failed to set element application device. Status = [c000000bb] – проверьте с помощью chkdsk.exe разделы с EFI и Windows 10. Проверьте, что снят атрибут скрытый и системный у файла BCD. Удалите его: attrib -s -h \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD del \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD
  • bcdboot ошибка BFSVC Error
  • Failure when initializing library system volume – проверьте, что вы используете правильный FAT32 раздел с EFI (возможно у вас из несколько);
  • Failure when attempting to copy boot files – проверьте букву диска Windows в команде. На скриншоте ошибка появилась при попытке скопировать файлы загрузки с диска C:. В данном случае диску с Windows назначена другая буква, например D:. Вы можете найти диск с Windows и назначенную букву с помощью diskpart (описано выше).bcdboot ошибка копирования загрузочных файлов.
• Перезагрузите компьютер, отключите загрузочный диск. Если вы все сделали правильно, в выборе устройств загрузки должен появиться пункт Windows Boot Manager в котором можно выбрать загрузку нужной операционной системы. Ваш EFI загрузчик и конфигурация BCD успешно восстановлены!
• В некоторых случаях после восстановления BCD загрузчика, при загрузке Windows появляется ошибка BAD SYSTEM CONFIG INFO.
• Чтобы исправить ошибку:
  • Убедитесь, что вы не вносили недавно изменения в настройки UEFI
  • Загрузитесь с установочной/загрузочной флешки и измените конфигурацию загрузчика командами:

    bcdedit /deletevalue {default} numproc
    bcdedit /deletevalue {default} truncatememory
    

    Благодарность автору 1. winitpro 2. remontka.pro

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vers. 1.1